Standardised psychometric intelligence measures were developed in the early 1900s, and the intelligence quotient (IQ) metric quickly became widely used in many settings, including determinations of special education needs and academic entrance exams. The Flynn Effect (FE) is the highly debated, long-term trend of rising average intelligence test scores within the population. High stakes IQ testing: The Flynn Effect and its clinical implications Areas for possible future research include optimised methodologies, novel factors, diverse cultures and older participants. Given the high stakes involved in IQ testing, there needs to be greater awareness and more research on the FE. The present article underlines the importance of clinical practitioners and staff in the education sector being aware of how the FE affects the determination of intellectual ability for diverse client populations and ensuring that the most current editions of IQ tests (i.e., correctly

Examples of high-stakes decisions based on IQ tests include fitness to stand trial, access to social disability services and, of particular interest for the education sector, access to special education services and accelerated This has clinical implications for the assessment of intellectual ability for various client populations, including forensic, disabled, juvenile and ethnic minority clients, as well as social implications concerning ethical intelligence, developing nations and the concept of age-related cognitive decline. The FE affects the periodical re-normingof intelligence tests and the comparability of IQ scores over time. FE research centres on four hypotheses: testing artefacts, biological factors, environmental changes and multi-driver models. Recent observations of a potential reversal have added to the complexity.

The FE has been observed in many nations and varies with regard to ability, intelligence types, age, location and prosperity. Intelligence testing is affected by the Flynn Effect (FE), the highly debated long-term trend of rising average intelligence test scores within the population. Intelligence testing has become ubiquitous in many sectors: In the education sector it is frequently used for determinations of learning disabilities and giftedness.

Reliability of intelligence tests